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目的评价乡镇中小学校开展伤寒副伤寒健康教育的效果,为在农村地区开展传染病健康教育提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取贵州省平坝县内伤寒副伤寒高发区3个乡镇9所学校的小学生和初中生进行健康教育,比较干预前后伤寒副伤寒知识、态度、行为改变情况。结果干预后小学生的伤寒副伤寒防治知识知晓率、态度和行为持有率分别为70.68%,87.95%,19.18%,初中生为73.62%,90.69%,21.72%,均明显高于干预前(P值均<0.05)。干预前小学生的知识知晓率和态度持有率低于初中生(P值均<0.05),干预后差异无统计学意义。结论伤寒副伤寒高发地区和危险因素集中地区中小学生的相关防治知识、态度和行为亟待改善,健康教育效果显著。
Objective To evaluate the effect of carrying out typhoid and paratyphoid health education in primary and secondary schools in towns and villages and provide the basis for carrying out health education on infectious diseases in rural areas. Methods The stratified random sampling method was adopted to select primary school students and junior high school students from 9 schools in 3 townships in the high incidence area of the typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in Pingba County, Guizhou Province for health education. The knowledge, attitude and behaviors of typhoid and paratyphoid fever were compared before and after the intervention. Results The rate of awareness, attitudes and behaviors among the pupils were 70.68%, 87.95% and 19.18% respectively, and 73.62%, 90.69% and 21.72% respectively for primary school students after intervention, which were significantly higher than those before intervention All <0.05). Before the intervention, the rate of knowledge awareness and attitudes of pupils was lower than that of junior high school students (P <0.05). There was no significant difference after intervention. Conclusions The knowledge, attitude and behavior of prevention and control of primary and secondary school students with high incidence of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever and primary and secondary school students with risk factors should be improved urgently. The effect of health education is remarkable.