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近年来,我国伤寒发病率虽持续下降,但伤寒暴发事件时有发生,有的甚至引起较大流行。如1986年8～12月,湖北省仙桃市一次伤寒暴发共引起3064人发病,这在国内是罕见的。为探讨不同地区伤寒暴发的特点,以便采取适当措施,有效地控制暴发疫情的发生,本文收集了1981年以来国内期刊公开发表的26篇伤寒暴发疫情报告,就26起伤寒暴发的流行病学作了回顾性综合分析。一、流行病学特征 (一)地区分布以黄河以北为北部,黄河以南至长江中下游北岸为中部,长江以南为南部划分地理位置。26起伤寒疫情中,北部5起、中部11起、南部10起。城镇5起,农村21起。 (二)暴发时间及流行期不同地区的暴发时间分布见表1。北部除1起食物型暴发发生于1月
In recent years, although the incidence of typhoid fever in our country has been declining continuously, typhoid outbreaks have occurred from time to time, and some even caused a pandemic. For example, from August to December 1986, an outbreak of typhoid fever in Xiantao City, Hubei Province, caused a total of 3064 persons, which is rare in China. In order to explore the characteristics of typhoid fever in different regions in order to take appropriate measures to effectively control the outbreak of outbreaks, this article collected since 1981 published 26 domestic typhus outbreak report, on 26 typhus outbreak epidemiology A retrospective comprehensive analysis. First, the epidemiological characteristics (a) regional distribution north of the Yellow River to the north, south of the Yellow River to the north shore of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as the central south of the Yangtze River south of the geographical location. Of the 26 typhoid epidemics, there were 5 in the north, 11 in the middle and 10 in the south. 5 towns and 21 rural areas. (B) the time of the outbreak and the prevalence of different regions of the outbreak time distribution in Table 1. One food-type outbreak in the north occurred in January