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目的了解北京市海淀区农村自备井生活饮用水毒理学指标合格情况,为加强生活饮用水的水质管理提供参考依据。方法于2010—2014年采用分层随机抽样方法在北京市海淀区采集农村自备井生活饮用水水样911份,依据GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》对毒理学指标进行评价,并分析自备井深度、井周围污染源和消毒设施运转状态对毒理学指标合格率的影响。结果北京市海淀区2010—2014年农村自备井生活饮用水毒理学指标合格率为95.61%;911份水样中,氟化物和硝酸盐氮分别超标19和27份,不合格率分别为2.09%和2.96%;井深<60 m的自备井生活饮用水毒理学指标合格率为91.10%,低于井深≥60 m自备井生活饮用水毒理学指标合格率的97.19%(χ2=15.416,P<0.001);井周围<50 m有污染源的自备井生活饮用水毒理学指标合格率为88.51%,低于井周围<50 m无污染源的自备井生活饮用水毒理学指标合格率的97.29%(χ2=25.852,P<0.001);消毒设施运转不正常的自备井生活饮用水毒理学指标合格率为83.94%,低于消毒设施运转正常的自备井生活饮用水毒理学指标合格率的97.67%(χ2=52.290,P<0.001)。结论北京市海淀区农村自备井生活饮用水超标的毒理学指标主要为氟化物和硝酸盐氮,自备井的深度、井周围的环境和消毒设施的运转状态对农村自备井生活饮用水毒理学指标合格率具有影响。
Objective To understand the qualified indicators of drinking water toxicology in rural self-provided wells in Haidian District, Beijing, and to provide reference for strengthening water quality management of domestic drinking water. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to collect 911 drinking water samples of rural self-prepared wells in Haidian District, Beijing from 2010 to 2014. The toxicological indexes were evaluated according to GB 5749-2006 Standard for Domestic Drinking Water The influence of the depth of self-prepared wells, the pollution sources around the well and the operating status of disinfection facilities on the pass rate of toxicological indicators was analyzed. Results The pass rate of drinking water toxicology index of rural self-provided wells in Haidian District in Beijing was 95.61% from 2010 to 2014. Ninety-one and ninety-seven of the ninety-one water samples were fluoride and nitrate nitrogen respectively, with the unqualified rates being 2.09 % And 2.96%, respectively. The pass rate of drinking water toxicology indexes of self-prepared wells with well depth <60 m was 91.10%, which was lower than 97.19% (χ2 = 15.416, P <0.001). The qualified rate of toxicological indicator of self-prepared drinking water with source of less than 50 m around the well was 88.51%, which was lower than the qualified rate of toxicological indicator of self-prepared drinking water of non-polluting source <50 m around the well 97.29% (χ2 = 25.852, P <0.001). The pass rate of drinking water toxicological indicators of self-prepared wells with disinfecting facilities did not work properly was 83.94%, which was lower than that of self-prepared drinking water drinking water with proper disinfection facilities. The rate of 97.67% (χ2 = 52.290, P <0.001). Conclusions Toxicological indicators of over-standard domestic drinking water in rural self-provided wells in Haidian District, Beijing mainly include fluoride and nitrate nitrogen, the depth of self-prepared wells, the surrounding environment and operation status of disinfection facilities. Toxicology indicators pass rate has an impact.