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本文首先回顾了自近代开埠以来至20世纪20年代列强在中国航运业发展的历程,重点分析了20世纪20年代英日两国的航运网络:1.从航线的覆盖范围看,日本与上海以北的港口联系更为紧密,英国则与上海以南的港口更密切,在长江一线,英日两国虽都深入长江上游的重庆,但英国在长江挂靠的港口数量更多,日本集中在长三角发展内河航运,英国则在珠三角的内河航运上具有垄断地位。2.英国是以上海和香港为双中心的航运网络结构,日本则形成了以上海为单中心的航运网络结构。从三大航线看,两国的轮船公司都覆盖了最主要的港口,但在航线的内部结构中存在错位竞争的现象,英国航运网络中排名前十的航线大部分集中在上海以南的南洋航线,日本则集中在上海以北的北洋航线和日本内部航线。3.英日两国在华航运网络的结构和特征与地理因素、制度安排等有较大关系,两国的轮船公司都依托殖民地或势力范围拓展航路,日本通过“命令航线”对轮船公司的航线进行资助和统一安排,英国则通过轮船公司之间的协调进行分工和配合。从甲午战争之后,至20世纪20年代末,经过20多年的发展,英日航运网络之间形成了既正面争夺又错位发展的格局。
This article first reviews the history of the shipping industry’s development in China during the 1920s from the early days of the 20th century to the 1920s, with an emphasis on the analysis of shipping networks in Britain and Japan in the 1920s: 1. From the coverage of routes, Japan and Shanghai The northern ports are more closely linked. The United Kingdom, on the other hand, is closer to the port south of Shanghai. In the first line of the Yangtze River, though both Britain and Japan are reaching Chongqing in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the United Kingdom has more ports anchored in the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River Delta to develop inland navigation, the United Kingdom in the Pearl River Delta inland shipping has a monopoly position. 2. Britain is a shipping network structure with dual centers in Shanghai and Hong Kong, while Japan has formed a shipping network structure with a single center in Shanghai. Judging from the three major routes, the shipping companies in both countries cover the most important ports. However, there is a phenomenon of dislocation competition in the internal structure of the route. The top ten routes in the UK shipping network are mostly concentrated in the South China Sea south of Shanghai Route, Japan is concentrated in north of Shanghai north route and Japan’s internal routes. 3. The structure and characteristics of the shipping networks in China and Japan have a great relationship with geographical factors and institutional arrangements. The shipping companies of both countries rely on the colonies or the sphere of influence to expand their routes. Japan has adopted “command route” The company’s route funding and unified arrangements, the United Kingdom through the coordination between shipping companies division and cooperation. From the Sino-Japanese War, until the late 1920s, after more than 20 years of development, there has been a pattern of positive competition and dislocation development between the UK and Japan shipping networks.