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神经性毒剂主要包括沙林、梭曼和维埃克斯,为目前苏、美大量装备和储存的主要杀伤性毒剂。其毒理作用特点是抑制胆硷酯酶的活性,致使组织内乙酰胆硷大量蓄积,引起机体内胆硷能神经过度兴奋,出现一系列神经系统中毒的症状。症状特点主要有流涎、流泪、流汗,瞳孔缩小、哮喘、呼吸困难、肌颤、惊厥,甚至昏迷、呼吸循环衰竭。依据全身中毒症状和血液胆硷酯酶活力下降的程度,可分为轻、中、重三度。中毒时若合并创伤,则症状相互加重。若伤口污染毒剂,则毒剂很快经伤口吸收,其周围产生持续的肌颤,并迅速出现全身吸收中毒症状,危及伤员生命。神经性毒剂可通过呼吸道、皮肤、伤口、消化道吸收中毒,毒性强,作用快。以沙林为例,每升
Nervous agents mainly include sarin, soman and victors, which are currently the major anti-virus agents for large-scale equipment and storage in the Soviet Union and the United States. Its toxicological effect is characterized by the inhibition of cholinesterase activity, resulting in a large accumulation of acetylcholine in the tissue, causing the body cholinergic nerve over-excited, a series of symptoms of nervous system poisoning. Symptoms are mainly salivation, tearing, sweating, miosis, asthma, dyspnea, fibrillation, convulsions, and even coma, respiratory failure. According to the symptoms of systemic poisoning and blood cholinesterase activity decreased, can be divided into light, medium and heavy three degrees. Poisoned if combined with trauma, the symptoms worsen each other. If the wound is contaminated with a poison, the poison will be quickly absorbed through the wound, causing persistent muscle fibrillation around it and prompt systemic absorption of poisoning symptoms, endangering the lives of the wounded. Neurotoxic agents can be absorbed through the respiratory tract, skin, wounds, digestive tract, toxic, fast acting. Take sarin as an example, per liter