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1946年,“二战”的硝烟刚刚散尽,美国就开始在太平洋上马绍尔群岛的比基尼环礁进行系列核试验。当年7月1日进行了第一次核爆炸,其当量与一年前在日本广岛和长崎发生的相当。爆炸所产生的冲击波以每秒大于1600千米的初速度传开。爆炸火球产生的蘑菇云在30秒内就达到了2500米的高度(图1)。这次核爆炸的新闻很快传到世界各地,引起全世界的轰动和震惊。
In 1946, the “World War II” smoke had just been cleared and the United States began a series of nuclear tests in the Bikini atolls on the Marshall Islands in the Pacific Ocean. The first nuclear explosion took place on July 1 of the same year, equivalent to what happened a year ago in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Shock waves generated by the explosion spread at an initial velocity of more than 1600 kilometers per second. The cloud of mushrooms from the blast fireball reached a height of 2500 meters in 30 seconds (Figure 1). The news of the nuclear explosion quickly spread to all over the world, arousing worldwide sensation and shock.