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这个材料是根据南京林产工业学院高丽春同志翻译T·Cunia的两篇文章:“当前欧洲和美国的资源清查设计”、“除美国和加拿大以外其它国家应用的森林资源清查抽样设计”缩编而成的。目前,世界各国在森林资源清查中,采用着多种方法,但是,把统计理论引用到森林资源清查中的抽样调查设计,应该说美国处于领先地位。欧洲除斯堪的纳维亚国家以外的各国,采用统计抽样的历史还不超过15—20年。这个材料介绍15个国家的森林资源清查设计。尽管对每一种抽样设计仅作梗概介绍,但是我们从中至少能够得到以下几方面的启发: 1.以数理统计为理论基础的抽样调查,已成为当今世界各国森林资源清查的一种主要手段。特别是森林资源连续清查方法与其它一些先进抽样设计结合起来使用,大大提高工作效率,是发展趋势。2.每个国家究竟采用何种清查方法,应该考虑到森林资源清查的目的和范围,尤其是要从具体国情出发。比如欧洲有些林业先进国家,经济发达,林业经营水平高,但在目前森林资源清查中,采用的方法并不是十分先进的,甚至连航空照片也不常采用。这些国家已形成了自己的清查体系,不轻易改动。3.从这十多个国家的清查方法看,不管采用那种设计,他们的外业调查项目都很齐全,记载详细,抽样设计也都包含了目测调查的内容。可见目测调查无论作为调查人员的基本功,或者作为国家资源清查时的必要手段都应受到重视。在我国,有不少林业调查人员反映,我们自从引进了抽样技术后,就基本上丢掉了目测,而且调查是越搞越粗,几乎到了“打个框,卡下尺”完事的地步。这的确是应该引起重视的问题。
This material is based on two articles by T.Cunia, translated by Comrade Kao Chun-chun of the Nanjing Institute of Forestry and Industry: “Current Inventory Design in Europe and the United States” and “Sampling Design for Forest Resources Inventory Applied in Countries other than the United States and Canada” of. At present, various countries in the world adopt various methods in forest inventory. However, referring to the statistical theory to the sample survey design in forest inventory, we should say that the United States is in a leading position. In countries outside of Scandinavia in Europe, the use of statistical sampling has not taken more than 15-20 years. This material introduces the inventory design of forest resources in 15 countries. Although only a brief overview of each sampling design, we can at least get the following inspiration: 1. The sample survey based on mathematical statistics has become a major means of forest inventory in all countries of the world today. In particular, the continuous inventory of forest resources and other advanced sampling design combined with the use of greatly improve work efficiency, is the development trend. 2. What method of inventory should be adopted by each country should take into account the purpose and scope of forest inventory and, in particular, its specific national conditions. For example, some advanced forestry countries in Europe, developed economy, high level of forestry management, but in the current inventory of forest resources, the method used is not very advanced, and even aviation photos are not often used. These countries have formed their own inventory system, not easily changed. 3. From the inventory methods of more than 10 countries, regardless of the kind of design, their field survey items are complete, and the details of the survey and the sample design also include the contents of the visual survey. Visible visual survey, whether as a researcher’s basic skills, or as a national resource inventory necessary measures should be taken seriously. In our country, many forestry investigators have reported that since the introduction of the sampling technology, we have basically lost sight of the survey, and the investigation has been more and more crude, almost to the point of “putting a box and a card ruler”. This is indeed a matter that deserves our attention.