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吉布斯(GibbS)自由焓的变化量(△G),在一定条件下可作为过程自发性的判据。不少人[1][2][3]认为,△G作为过程自发性判据的限制条件是:恒温、恒压,物系不做非体积功,即△Gt、p、w’∠0。笔者认为△Gt、p、w’∠0不能作为过程自发性判据,该判据只表明在恒温,恒压,不做非体积功的条件下,实际过程沿着自由焓降低方向进行,当G值不再改变时,物系达平衡态,而物系的自由焓增大的过程是不可能发生的。其理由如下:
Gibbs free Gibbs energy change (△ G), under certain conditions can be used as a criterion of spontaneous process. Many people [1] [2] [3] think, △ G as a process of spontaneous criteria constraints are: constant temperature and pressure, the system does not do non-volume work, that is, △ Gt, p, w’∠0 . The author believes that △ Gt, p, w’∠0 can not be regarded as a spontaneous criterion of the process. The criterion only shows that the actual process proceeds along the direction of decreasing free enthalpy under the conditions of constant temperature, constant pressure and non-volume work, When the value of G is no longer changed, the system reaches the equilibrium state, and the process of increasing the free enthalpy of the system can not occur. The reasons are as follows: