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1.引言结构设计者必须满足许多不同的有时是矛盾的要求。航空和航天设备的结构部件常常必须是轻质、刚性和坚固的,这意味着所用材料要具有低密度、高杨氏模量(E)和高强度。理论强度约为E/10,而高强度材料通常接近E/100。处于周期表中靠近顶部位置并具有强有力的共价键的碳元素,理所当然地是一个备选者。金刚石的模量为1200GPa,石墨的原地模量为1020GPa。碳晶须的模量为680GPa,强度为19
1. Introduction Structural designers must meet many different and sometimes contradictory requirements. Often the structural components of aerospace and aerospace equipment must be lightweight, rigid and strong, which means that the materials used should have low density, high Young’s modulus (E) and high strength. Theoretical strength is about E / 10, while high-strength materials are usually close to E / 100. Carbon elements in the periodic table close to the top and having a strong covalent bond are, of course, an alternative. The diamond has a modulus of 1200 GPa and the graphite has an in-situ modulus of 1020 GPa. Carbon whiskers have a modulus of 680 GPa and a strength of 19