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目的分析某教育培训中心水痘爆发疫情的流行病学特征,探讨水痘疫苗效力。方法采用现场流行病学方法对2014年9—11月某教育培训中心水痘爆发疫情进行调查和分析。结果累计发生63例水痘病例,罹患率为14.4%;病例主要集中于10月,疫情波及11个班。水痘疫苗接种组和未接种组水痘罹患率分别为23.2%和56.0%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.72,P<0.05),总体疫苗效力为58.5%(95%CI 37.1%~72.7%);分层分析发现,接种水痘疫苗≤2年、2~3年和≥4年的疫苗效力分别为82.1%(95%CI 46.3%~94.1%)、55.4%(95%CI 25.2%~73.4%)和38.2%(95%CI-10.7%~65.5%)。结论接种水痘疫苗有利于控制水痘爆发疫情,建议儿童首剂水痘疫苗接种4年后接种第2剂。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox outbreak in an education and training center and to investigate the efficacy of chickenpox vaccine. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to investigate and analyze the outbreak of chickenpox from September to November 2014 in an education and training center. Results A total of 63 cases of chickenpox occurred, with an attack rate of 14.4%. The cases mainly concentrated in October and the epidemic affected 11 classes. The prevalence of chickenpox in vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups was 23.2% and 56.0%, respectively, with significant difference (χ2 = 16.72, P <0.05). The overall vaccine efficacy was 58.5% (95% CI 37.1% -72.7% Stratified analysis showed that the vaccine efficacies of vaccinated chickenpox vaccine ≤ 2 years, 2 ~ 3 years and ≥ 4 years were 82.1% (95% CI 46.3% ~ 94.1%), 55.4% (95% CI 25.2% ~ 73.4% ) And 38.2% (95% CI-10.7% -65.5%). Conclusion Vaccination with chickenpox vaccine is good for controlling the outbreak of chickenpox. It is recommended that the first dose of varicella should be given to the second dose 4 years after vaccination.