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日本的渣油加氢脱硫(HDS)装置大部分建于60年代末至70年代初,用以生产低硫燃料油。由于国内燃料油需求减少,很多炼油厂逐步对装置进行了改造,使渣油改质为更有价值的轻质产品。日本能源公司水岛炼油厂首先在其HDS装置上实现了高转化率操作。1985年几乎加工了100％减压渣油。其典型原料性质为:相对密度d_4~(20)1.04,粘度(50℃)0.1 m~2/s,硫含量 4.8 w％,氮含量0.43 w％,残炭22％,镍+钒170 ppm。 为解决催化剂床层的局部高温(即热点)的问题,该厂在冷态模拟实验的基础上,采取了如下措施:①采用专门的催化剂装填设备,使催化剂均匀散布于床层;②使用圆柱形催化剂;③安装新型液体分配器;④利用产品油循环等。 压力降增加是HDS工业反应器第一床层经常发生的问题。该厂根据各床层沉积情况,通过适当选择催化剂尺
Most of the residue hydrodesulfurization (HDS) units in Japan were built in the late 1960s and early 1970s to produce low sulfur fuel oil. As domestic demand for fuel oil is reduced, many refineries have been gradually revamping the plant to make the residual oil more valuable to light-weight products. The Japanese energy company Mizushima Refinery first implemented high conversion rates on its HDS unit. In 1985 almost 100% vacuum residue was processed. The typical properties of the raw materials are as follows: the relative density d_4 ~ (20) 1.04, the viscosity (50 ℃) 0.1 m ~ 2 / s, the sulfur content 4.8 w%, the nitrogen content 0.43 w%, the carbon residue 22% and the nickel + vanadium 170 ppm. In order to solve the problem of local high temperature (ie, hot spot) of the catalyst bed, the factory adopted the following measures on the basis of cold simulation experiments: (1) using a special catalyst loading device to uniformly disperse the catalyst in the bed; (2) Shaped catalyst; ③ install a new type of liquid distributor; ④ use of product oil recycling. Pressure drop increases are a frequent problem with the first bed of HDS industrial reactors. The plant according to the deposition of the bed, through the appropriate choice of catalyst ruler