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锚杆和喷射混凝土支护是隧洞开挖支护的主要手段之一,这种方法把隧洞的支护和衬砌与围岩看作相互作用的一个整体,既发挥围岩的自承能力,又使支护起到加固围岩作用。另外,钢支撑、超前小导管也是重要的辅助支护手段,尤其是在软弱、破碎围岩隧洞施工中。此2种支护手段与锚杆、喷射混凝土组成联合支护体系,形成了以钢支撑、超前小导管、锚杆、喷射混凝土和隧道围岩为一体的承载结构,共同支承山体压力,保护并提高围岩的自身稳定性,能起到非常好的效果。以黔中水利枢纽一期总干渠工程输水隧洞的开挖支护施工为例,对这种联合支护体系在软弱、破碎围岩隧洞施工中的应用进行总结。
Bolting and shotcrete support is one of the main means of tunnel excavation and support. In this method, the support and lining of the tunnel and the surrounding rock are regarded as an integral part of the interaction, which not only exerts the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock, So support play a role in strengthening the surrounding rock. In addition, steel support and small lead pipelines are also important auxiliary support measures, especially in the construction of soft and broken surrounding rock tunnels. The two kinds of support means are combined with bolt and shotcrete to form a bearing structure composed of steel support, small lead pipe, anchor rod, shotcrete and tunnel surrounding rock, which together support the pressure of the mountain body and protect it. Improve the stability of the surrounding rock itself, can play very good results. Taking the excavation and support construction of the water conveyance tunnel in the main trunk of the Qianzhong Water Conservancy Project as an example, the application of this kind of combined support system in the weak and broken surrounding rock tunnel construction is summarized.