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宋元明道德哲学具有逻辑的有序性、价值的合理性、话题的显明性、思维的互渗性、启蒙的批判性五个基本特征。以天理为核心,以“去人欲,存天理”为纲领,以超凡入圣为理想目标的伦理思想体系,构成了宋明道德哲学的逻辑有序性;宋明理学追求道与德的融合,强调个人对以天理为代表的道德精神、原则的体认,凸显了伦理精神和道德价值的合理性;宋元明清各家各派,都是围绕天理(理)这个核心话题而展开哲学形上学的不同理路的论证,而有理气心性之辨,彰显了话题的显明性;宋明哲学家以求真的精神、恢宏的气度、开放的胸怀,接纳儒、释、道三教,各家各派之间以海纳百川的心态,探赜索隐、钩深致远地钻研学术,这些都体现了宋明道德哲学思维的互渗性;明清之际,商品经济的发展推动了文化思想、价值观念、伦理道德的转变,而出现了所谓“异端”的、“离道”的社会思想,反映了新的经济势力、市民阶层的需求,可谓具有中华民族特色的“启蒙”思想。
The moral philosophy of the Song and Yuan dynasties has five basic characteristics: logical order, rationality of value, explicitness of the topic, mutual infiltration of thinking, and criticalness of enlightenment. With the principle of “God as the core” and the ethics system of “Going for humanity and saving nature” as its goal, the ideal system of morality and morality constitutes the logical order of the Song and Ming moral philosophy. The Neo-Confucianism pursues the integration of morality and morality. , Stressing that individual’s recognition of the moral spirit and principle represented by the principle of nature highlights the rationality of ethical and moral values. Each school in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties started the philosophy of metaphysics The reasoning of rationality and psychology reveals the obviousness of the topic. The philosophers of Song and Ming Dynasties accepted Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the spirit of seeking truth, magnanimity and openness, All these schools embody the mutual infiltration of moral and philosophical thinking of the Song and Ming Dynasties. On the occasion of Ming and Qing Dynasties, the development of commodity economy promoted the development of cultural thoughts and values , The emergence of the so-called “heresy ”, “departure from the road ” social thinking, reflecting the new economic forces, the needs of the people of the class can be described as “Enlightenment ” with Chinese characteristics, thought.