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目的：意外死亡是儿童主要死因之一，分析儿童意外死亡的原因，为制订预防措施提供科学依据很有必要。方法：在广西１０个全死因调查的样本县中，统计０～１４岁儿童意外死亡的病例，计算各年龄组意外死亡原因和进行意外死亡性别比较（χ２检验）。结果：０～１４岁儿童意外死亡的死亡率为５４．５／１０５，位于全死因中的第三位。前三位死因分别为淹死（４９．２％）、交通事故（１０．３％）和跌落（６．０％）。男童意外死亡的死亡率（６４．０１／１０５）显著高于女童（４４．０３／１０５），两者有显著性差异，χ２＝５３．５６，Ｐ＜０．０１。结论：本组儿童意外死亡的主要原因是淹死、交通事故和跌落，而且男童意外死亡的死亡率明显高于女童。提示对儿童加强安全教育和制订安全措施很有必要。
OBJECTIVE: Accidental death is one of the major causes of children’s death. Analyzing the causes of child’s accidental death is necessary for providing a scientific basis for preventive measures. Methods: Incidence of accidental death among children aged 0-14 was calculated in 10 sample counties of all causes of death in Guangxi. The cause of accidental death in each age group and the sex ratio of accidental death were compared (χ2 test). Results: The accidental death rate of children aged 0-14 years was 54.5 / 105, ranking the third among all causes of death. The top three cause of death were drowned (49.2%), traffic accidents (10.3%) and falls (6.0%) respectively. The accidental death rate of boys (64.01 / 105) was significantly higher than that of girls (44.03 / 105), there was a significant difference between them (χ2 = 53.56, P <0.01). Conclusion: The main causes of accidental death in this group of children were drowning, traffic accidents and falls, and the accidental death of boys was significantly higher than that of girls. Suggesting that it is necessary to strengthen safety education and safety measures for children.