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Background:Current evidence links atrial fibrillation (AF) to the inflammation.Inflammatory indexes such as high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) have been related to the development and persistence of AF.However,the role of inflammation in the atrial electrophysiological remodeling indexed by P-wave dispersion (Pd) remains unclear.Methods:The study consisted of 71 patients with lone paroxysmal AF (AF group) and 71 age-and gender-matched controls of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia without history of AF (control group).Electrocardiography,Pd,hs-CRP,and other clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups.Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age,gender,hyperlipidemia,etc.Compared to controls,left atrial diameter (44 ± 7 vs 39 ± 7 mm),Pd (49 ± 13 vs 26 ± 8 ms),and hs-CRP (2.17 [1.46-2.89] vs 1.12 [0.74-1.41] mg/L) were increased (P ＜ 0.05),respectively.Linear regression identified hs-CRP as an independent correlation of Pd level both in the total population and the AF group (r =0.464 and 0.313;P ＜ 0.001,respectively).Multiple logistic regression revealed hs-CRP as an independent determinant of AF (odds ratio [OR] =15.430,95％ confidence interval:6.031-39.476:P ＜0.001).Further adjusted for Pd,both Pd and hs-CRP were independent predictors for AF,but the OR for hs-CRP in predicting AF has been attenuated from 15.430 to 6.246.Conclusions:In lone AF,Pd and plasma hs-CRP concentration are inter-associated and related to AF.The interaction between hs-CRP and AF may be mediated by Pd,suggesting an important role of inflammation in the atrial electrophysiological remodeling predisposing to AF.