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植食性螨类分布广泛,危害多种寄主植物。本文从3个方面介绍了植物的抗螨机理:植物形态如叶型、叶色主要影响螨类的取食产卵位点和营养物质的获取;植物组织结构如叶厚、蜡质、茸毛、气孔等决定螨能否顺利利用口针取食到植物的汁液,而虫菌穴则作用于捕食螨和植食性螨的相互关系,从而达到保护植物的目的;植物理化性质如叶鲜重、生长速度、生育期反映了植物受害后的恢复能力,植物营养成分如水分、氮、可溶性糖、淀粉、叶绿素、氨基酸等的含量会直接影响螨的取食、生长发育和繁殖等,而植物的次生代谢物质,如酚类化合物、单宁、香豆素、类黄酮、生物碱等,则发挥着更加重要的抗螨作用。文章讨论了转Bt基因植物对植食性螨及其天敌的影响,短期内其对植食性螨没有显著的影响,但是螨在Bt植物上有逐渐加深危害的趋势。
Pesticide mites distributed widely, endangering many host plants. In this paper, the anti-mite mechanism of plants was introduced from three aspects: plant morphology such as leaf shape and leaf color mainly affected the feeding and spawning sites of mites and the availability of nutrients; the structure of plant tissues such as leaf thick, waxy, Stomata and other decisions mites can smooth use of the mouth to take food to the plant’s juice, while the worm hole acupoints act on the relationship between predatory mites and phytophagous mites, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting plants; the physical and chemical properties of plants such as fresh weight of leaves, growth The speed and the growth period reflect the recovery ability after the plant is damaged. The content of plant nutrition such as water, nitrogen, soluble sugar, starch, chlorophyll and amino acid will directly affect the feeding, growth and reproduction of mites, Metabolites such as phenolic compounds, tannins, coumarin, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc., play a more important anti-mite effect. In this paper, the effects of transgenic Bt plants on phytophagous mites and their natural enemies are discussed. In the short term, they have no significant effect on phytophagous mites, but mites have a tendency of gradually deepening the damage on Bt plants.