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40Cr钢是一种主轴常用调质钢,具有较高的强度、韧性和塑性。调制后的主轴其硬度与耐磨性能不太理想,高速下容易在轴颈处磨损,影响主轴工作精度。采用不同的激光相变硬化工艺对正火态40Cr进行表面处理,找出适合高速主轴激光相变硬化方法,提高材料的硬度、耐磨性和抗疲劳性。经过不同工艺处理后的试样分析,得出了以激光功率1600 W,光斑直径7 mm,扫描速度15 mm/s的工艺硬度、层深等相对其他试样来说最为理想,并着重对该工艺下各层金相组织进行了研究,测量了层深与硬度。结果表明该工艺下试件表面硬度较低,适合高速主轴的加工与磨削,次表层硬度最高为40Cr主轴常规调质试件硬度的2.04倍,且耐磨性较好。
40Cr steel is a spindle quenched and tempered steel, with high strength, toughness and plasticity. Modulated spindle hardness and wear resistance is not ideal, high-speed easy to wear at the journal, affecting the spindle accuracy. Using different laser phase-change hardening process, the surface of normalized 40Cr was surface-treated to find out the suitable method of high-speed spindle laser phase-change hardening to improve the hardness, wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the material. Through the analysis of the samples after different processing, the conclusion is drawn that the hardness, depth and so on of the laser with the laser power of 1600 W, the spot diameter of 7 mm and the scanning speed of 15 mm / s are most ideal compared with other samples, Under the process of metallographic microstructure studies conducted to measure the depth and hardness. The results show that the surface hardness of the specimen is low, which is suitable for machining and grinding of high speed spindle. The subsurface hardness is up to 2.04 times of that of 40Cr spindle quenched and tempered specimen with better wear resistance.