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本文根据Langmuir吸附模型系统地分析了固体自多组份溶液中的吸附规律。理论预示在有一种强烈吸附的主要溶质存在时,其它各种痕量溶质的吸附等温线将皆呈直线型的,而且各直线的斜率应只与主要溶质及主要溶质的浓度有关。也就是说,在有主要溶质存在时,各痕量溶质的直线斜率不受其它痕量溶质是否存在和数目多少的影响。文中引用了活性炭自水和非水(如甲醇、甲苯和环已烷等)溶液中吸附多组份液体和固体溶质的实验结果,验证了理论的预示。我们还探讨了直线型等温线的可能机理,提出了吸附和分配同时存在的可能性;评述了直线型等温线的应用前景。理想吸附,即直线型等温线的实现,表明至少在某些情况下,多组份混合溶液的吸附规律可能远没有想像中的那样复杂。可以期望,它将在许多领域,特别是环境化学、土壤化学、海洋化学和染色过程的物理化学等领域中得到应用。
Based on the Langmuir adsorption model, the adsorption of solids from a multi-component solution was systematically analyzed. The theory suggests that in the presence of a strongly adsorbed major solute, the sorption isotherms of all other trace solutes will be linear, and the slope of each line should only be related to the concentration of the major solute and the major solute. That is, in the presence of a major solute, the slope of the straight line of each trace of solute is unaffected by the presence and amount of other trace solutes. In this paper, the experimental results on the adsorption of multicomponent liquids and solid solutes on activated carbon from aqueous and non-aqueous solutions (such as methanol, toluene and cyclohexane) are cited, and the theoretical predictions are validated. We also discussed the possible mechanism of linear isotherms, proposed the possibility of simultaneous adsorption and distribution, and reviewed the application prospect of linear isotherms. The ideal adsorption, ie the realization of a linear isotherm, shows that, in at least some cases, the adsorption behavior of multicomponent mixed solutions may be far less complex than imagined. It is expected that it will find application in many fields, especially in the field of environmental chemistry, soil chemistry, marine chemistry and the physical chemistry of dyeing processes.