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精子具有抗原性。人精子的自身免疫和同族免疫,已被认为是男女不育的原因之一。在原因不明的不育者中,精子抗体的发生率较高。但是,在少数有生育力的男子和部分有生育力的妇女中,也可出现精子抗体。精子输出管道的阻塞、睾丸的损伤和炎症、附睾和附性腺的感染、以及老年等因素,都可能是男性体内精子抗体形成的原因。对精子抗原的细胞免疫反应,研究还较少,且报道的结果亦不尽一致。对精子抗原免疫反应的研究,其最终目的是分离和纯化精子特异性抗原,制成可供实用
Sperm is antigenic. Human sperm autoimmunity and family immunization have been considered as one of the causes of male and female infertility. In unexplained infertility, the incidence of sperm antibodies is higher. However, sperm antibodies can also occur in a few fertile men and parts of fertile women. Blockage of sperm output tubing, testicular injury and inflammation, epididymis and gonadal infections, and aging may be responsible for the formation of sperm antibodies in men. The cellular immune responses to sperm antigens are still few, and the reported results are not the same. The ultimate goal of the study of immune responses to sperm antigens is to isolate and purify sperm-specific antigens and make them useful