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定语从句是高中英语的重点语法知识，是高考的热点。通过对一些高考试题的研究，笔者发现与定语从句相似的从句也成为考查的热点。这类题极具迷惑性，凭印象选择很容易出错。在这里笔者把这类从句做一分析。
一、that引导的定语从句和同位语从句
that引导的同位语从句与定语从句有本质的区别。that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不做成分，不能换成which，且不能省略：而that引导定语从句时，在从句中做成分，有时还可换成which或被省略。
【例1】Nobody believed his reason for being absent from class _______he had to meet his uncle at the airport．(2006，重庆卷)
A．whyB．thatC．whereD．because
【解析】空格后句子说明reason内容，且句子成分完全。that只起连接作用。说明它是同位语从句。答案为B。
【例2】Do you think the reason ________he gave is believable?
A．for whichB．thatC．whyD．what
【解析】空白处的词要做gave的宾格，说明它是定语从句。答案为B。
二、定语从句和并列句
【例3】The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80％______are sold abroad．(2004，辽宁卷)
A. of whichB．which of
C．of themD．of that
【解析】这是个定语从句，答案为A。若在80％前加and，它就变成并列句，那就要选C。
三、such引导的定语从句与such引导的结果状语从句
做这类题时，要观察从句的成份。若从句有宾语，则是结果状语从句；反之，则是定语从句。
【例4】His plan was such a good one_______we all agreed to accept it.(2006，陕西卷)
A．soB．andC．thatD．as
【解析】从句中成份完整因此是such引导的结果状语从句。答案为C；如果从句中无it,则为定语从句，那就要选D。
四、定语从句和what宾语从句
做这类题时，我们应清楚定语从句前必须有先行词；若没有先行词，则可能是宾语从句。
【例5】You can only be sure of_________you have at present；You can’t be sure of something_______you might get in the future．(2007，安徽)
A．that；whatB．what；／
C．which；thatD．／；that
【解析】第一空引导宾语从句，且做“have”的宾语，应填what。与下句之间不用空格。
第二空前有先行词something，说明后面是定语从句，且它在定语从句中做宾语，可省略。答案为B。
五、where引导的定语从句与地点状语从句
Where既可引导定语从句，也可引导地点状语从句；明显的区别是定语从句有先行词，还得有适当的介词，地点状语从句没有先行词。
【例6】—Mom，what did your doctor say?
—He advised me to live______the air is fresher．(2006，四川卷)
A．in whereB．in which
C．the place whereD．where
【解析】 题中没有先行词，说明它是地点状语从句。答案为D。C中是有先行词place，但前面没有介词in。
六、as引导的非限制性定语从句与“it”主语从句
【例7】①_____is known to everybody,Taiwan is part of China．
② is known to everybody that Taiwan is part of China．
A．ThatB．AsC．WhatD．It
【解析】第一个题中间有逗号，说明它是定语从句，答案为B。
第二个题中间有that，说明它是主句从句，答案为D。
小结：上面例题说明每种从句都有自身的特点。同学们应熟悉他们的各种结构，牢记他们细微的区别，做题时，应严谨审题，切不可想当然。
练一练：
1. A warm thought suddenly came to me_______I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.(2006,安徽)
A. if B. when C. that D. which
2. There is much chance________Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (2006, 天津)
A. that B. whichC. until D. if
3._________I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (2005, 浙江)
A. When B. AfterC. AsD. Since
4. -Where did you get to know her?
-It was on the farm________we worked. (2007, 山东)
A. thatB. thereC. which D. where
5. It_______ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks__________ I found we had a lot in common. (2007, 浙江)
A. was until; when B. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that
6. “Harry Potter” is such an interesting book _________all kids like to read.
A. asB. that C. / D. which
7.__________was known to them all that Michael, the boss, had broken his promise________he would give them a rise.
A. As; whichB. what; that
C. It; thatD. It; which
8. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______wanted to buy it. (2007, 安徽)
A. none of them B. both of them
C. none of whomD. neither of whom
9. The way he did it was different _________we were used to.
A. in whichB. in what
C. from what D. from which
10. Eric received training in computer for one year, _________he found a job in a big company. (2007, 辽宁)
A. after that B. after which
C. after itD. after this
答案: 1-5 CACDD 6-10ACDCB
(审稿：马燕编校：王静)
一、that引导的定语从句和同位语从句
that引导的同位语从句与定语从句有本质的区别。that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不做成分，不能换成which，且不能省略：而that引导定语从句时，在从句中做成分，有时还可换成which或被省略。
【例1】Nobody believed his reason for being absent from class _______he had to meet his uncle at the airport．(2006，重庆卷)
A．whyB．thatC．whereD．because
【解析】空格后句子说明reason内容，且句子成分完全。that只起连接作用。说明它是同位语从句。答案为B。
【例2】Do you think the reason ________he gave is believable?
A．for whichB．thatC．whyD．what
【解析】空白处的词要做gave的宾格，说明它是定语从句。答案为B。
二、定语从句和并列句
【例3】The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80％______are sold abroad．(2004，辽宁卷)
A. of whichB．which of
C．of themD．of that
【解析】这是个定语从句，答案为A。若在80％前加and，它就变成并列句，那就要选C。
三、such引导的定语从句与such引导的结果状语从句
做这类题时，要观察从句的成份。若从句有宾语，则是结果状语从句；反之，则是定语从句。
【例4】His plan was such a good one_______we all agreed to accept it.(2006，陕西卷)
A．soB．andC．thatD．as
【解析】从句中成份完整因此是such引导的结果状语从句。答案为C；如果从句中无it,则为定语从句，那就要选D。
四、定语从句和what宾语从句
做这类题时，我们应清楚定语从句前必须有先行词；若没有先行词，则可能是宾语从句。
【例5】You can only be sure of_________you have at present；You can’t be sure of something_______you might get in the future．(2007，安徽)
A．that；whatB．what；／
C．which；thatD．／；that
【解析】第一空引导宾语从句，且做“have”的宾语，应填what。与下句之间不用空格。
第二空前有先行词something，说明后面是定语从句，且它在定语从句中做宾语，可省略。答案为B。
五、where引导的定语从句与地点状语从句
Where既可引导定语从句，也可引导地点状语从句；明显的区别是定语从句有先行词，还得有适当的介词，地点状语从句没有先行词。
【例6】—Mom，what did your doctor say?
—He advised me to live______the air is fresher．(2006，四川卷)
A．in whereB．in which
C．the place whereD．where
【解析】 题中没有先行词，说明它是地点状语从句。答案为D。C中是有先行词place，但前面没有介词in。
六、as引导的非限制性定语从句与“it”主语从句
【例7】①_____is known to everybody,Taiwan is part of China．
② is known to everybody that Taiwan is part of China．
A．ThatB．AsC．WhatD．It
【解析】第一个题中间有逗号，说明它是定语从句，答案为B。
第二个题中间有that，说明它是主句从句，答案为D。
小结：上面例题说明每种从句都有自身的特点。同学们应熟悉他们的各种结构，牢记他们细微的区别，做题时，应严谨审题，切不可想当然。
练一练：
1. A warm thought suddenly came to me_______I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.(2006,安徽)
A. if B. when C. that D. which
2. There is much chance________Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (2006, 天津)
A. that B. whichC. until D. if
3._________I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (2005, 浙江)
A. When B. AfterC. AsD. Since
4. -Where did you get to know her?
-It was on the farm________we worked. (2007, 山东)
A. thatB. thereC. which D. where
5. It_______ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks__________ I found we had a lot in common. (2007, 浙江)
A. was until; when B. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that
6. “Harry Potter” is such an interesting book _________all kids like to read.
A. asB. that C. / D. which
7.__________was known to them all that Michael, the boss, had broken his promise________he would give them a rise.
A. As; whichB. what; that
C. It; thatD. It; which
8. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______wanted to buy it. (2007, 安徽)
A. none of them B. both of them
C. none of whomD. neither of whom
9. The way he did it was different _________we were used to.
A. in whichB. in what
C. from what D. from which
10. Eric received training in computer for one year, _________he found a job in a big company. (2007, 辽宁)
A. after that B. after which
C. after itD. after this
答案: 1-5 CACDD 6-10ACDCB
(审稿：马燕编校：王静)