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对中外优秀男女田径运动员的身高、体重和克托莱指数进行了比较分析 ,结果表明 :中外优秀男女田径选手身高、体重和克托莱指数均具有鲜明的项群特征。不同分组项目运动员上述 3指标不仅具有较高的区分度 ,且其依大小排序呈一致性。在中长、超长距离同一分组项目中我国与世界优秀男女田径运动员的上述 3指标均无显著性差异 ,而在短跨、跳跃、投掷及全能同一分组项目中上述 3指标均明显低于世界优秀选手。说明在身高及肌肉力量素质方面我国与世界优秀选手存在着较大差距。建议应尽快完善、构建与世界优秀田径运动员身体形态模式相适应 ,而又符合中国国情的田径运动员选材模式及评价标准 ,加强我国田径运动员的科学选材及其专项力量方面的训练。
The author compares the height, weight and Quetelet index of Chinese and foreign top male and female track and field athletes. The results show that the height, weight and Quetelet index of Chinese and foreign top male and female track and field athletes have distinct characteristics. The above three indexes of athletes with different grouping items not only have a higher degree of differentiation, but also are consistent in size and order. There is no significant difference between the above three indexes of China and the world elite male and female track and field athletes in the same long-distance and long-distance group projects, while the above three indexes are obviously lower than the world in the short span, jump, throwing and all- Outstanding player. This shows that there is a big gap between our country and the world’s best players in terms of height and muscle strength. The suggestion should be perfected as soon as possible to build a selection model and evaluation criteria for track and field athletes that fit the body shape mode of the world’s best track and field athletes while meeting the requirements of China’s national conditions so as to strengthen the scientific selection of athletes in track and field and the training of their special forces.