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在黄土高原旱作区，小麦拔节至抽穗期土壤贮水量与穗粒数，灌浆至乳熟期土壤贮水量与穗粒重的关系最为密切。这两个时期受外界环境因素的影响最为敏感。播种前底墒对小麦产量的影响极为重要。随着小麦的生育进程，愈往后深层次的土壤贮水量发挥的作用愈大。
In the arid area of the Loess Plateau, the relationship between water storage capacity at grain-filling stage and grain-filling rate at grain-filling to milking-stage was most closely related to grain-filling rate at grain filling to milking stage. These two periods are most sensitive to external environmental factors. The effect of soil moisture before sowing on wheat yield is extremely important. With the growth of wheat, the greater the role of deeper soil water storage later in life.