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目的了解南水北调丹江口库区过渡期移民的心理社会应激状况,为后期进行移民心理干预提供科学依据。方法通过多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取过渡期移民392人和安置地居民388人进行基本情况及心理社会应激(PSSG)问卷调查。结果过渡期移民和安置地移民在婚姻状况、职业、文化程度、家庭年收入4个方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);过渡期移民生活事件(2.44±2.11)分、消极情绪体验(2.21±2.61)分、消极应对方式(2.54±2.20)分和应激总分(33.00±19.31)分,均高于安置地居民的(1.41±1.85)、(1.11±1.84)、(1.83±2.17)、(23.20±16.58)分,积极情绪体验(1.81±1.88)分低于安置地居民的(2.34±1.88)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);对移民搬迁前后基本情况差值与应激总分做秩和检验,结果显示,家庭经济总收入、所在地经济、交通、教育、治安、以及气候状况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);工作变化、与邻里关系、与村干部关系与应激总分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);分别以过渡期移民的应激总分为变量,以16个因素为自变量进行多重线性回归分析,应激的影响因素为返迁意愿、风俗习惯适应、健康状况、宗教信仰(β=-2.524、2.679、2.872、2.664),其中,返迁意愿的标准化回归系数为-0.192,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论过渡期移民的心理社会应激状况较差,相关部门应完善移民政策,针对具体情况实施心理干预,并提供广泛的社会支持,加大政府的后期扶持力度。
Objective To understand the psychosocial stress state of immigrants during the transition from Danjiangkou reservoir area in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project to provide a scientific basis for immigrants psychological intervention in the later period. Methods A total of 392 transitional migrants and 388 residents of settlements were sampled by multistage stratified cluster sampling method to investigate the basic situation and psychosocial stress (PSSG) questionnaire. Results The immigrants in the transitional period had significant differences in terms of marital status, occupation, educational level and annual family income (P <0.05); immigrants’ life events (2.44 ± 2.11) in the transitional period and negative emotional experiences 2.21 ± 2.61), negative coping style (2.54 ± 2.20) and stress total score (33.00 ± 19.31), which were higher than those of residents in resettlement area (1.41 ± 1.85, 1.11 ± 1.84, 1.83 ± 2.17 ), (23.20 ± 16.58) points, positive emotion experience (1.81 ± 1.88) points lower than that of residents in resettlement area (2.34 ± 1.88) points, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05) The result of rank sum test showed that the total income of the family economy, economy, traffic, education, law and order, and climate status were statistically significant (P <0.05); job change, relationship with the neighborhood, and There was no significant difference between the village cadres’ relationship and the total score of stress (P> 0.05). Based on the total stress scores of transitional immigrants as variables, multiple linear regression analysis was conducted with 16 factors as independent variables, and the influencing factors For the return of wishes, customs and habits, health status, religious beliefs (β = -2.524,2.679 2.872,2.664), which moved back to the will of standardized regression coefficient of -0.192, statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion In the transitional period, the state of psychological and social stress of immigrants is poor. Relevant departments should improve the immigration policy, conduct psychological interventions according to specific situations, provide extensive social support and increase the post-government support.