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为了增加烟草在冷害敏感期的耐低温能力,筛选烟草耐低温材料。本研究利用航天辐射育种的方法,将航天搭载返回的烟草种子种于田间,经过四代农艺与经济性状有益变异的观察筛选后,得到37份变异材料。在烟草苗期的冷害敏感期,每份材料选取20株进行10℃低温胁迫培养,7 d后取出检测脯氨酸含量、SOD酶活性、甜菜碱含量及根系活力,观察烟草生长状况。结果表明:37份材料中,脯氨酸含量较对照升高的为17份,SOD酶活性提高的为20份,甜菜碱含量升高的为9份,根系活力提高的为18份,这四种物质同时升高的为3份。低温胁迫烟草生理活性指标的变化为选育航天诱变烟草耐低温材料提供了依据。
In order to increase the resistance of tobacco to low temperature during chilling injury, low temperature resistant tobacco material was screened. In this study, we used the method of space radiation breeding to plant the seeds of tobacco that were returned by space shuttle in the field. After screening and screening the four generations of beneficial variation of agronomic and economic traits, 37 mutants were obtained. During the cold-sensitive stage of tobacco seedling stage, 20 plants were selected for each material for 10 ℃ low temperature stress cultivation. After 7 days, proline content, SOD activity, betaine content and root activity were measured to observe the tobacco growth. The results showed that among 37 materials, the content of proline increased 17 compared with the control, the activity of SOD increased 20, the content of betaine increased 9 and the activity of root increased 18, 3 kinds of substances increased at the same time. The changes of physiological activity index of tobacco under low temperature stress provided the basis for breeding low temperature resistant material of aerospace mutagenesis.