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罗马法谚:无损害即无赔偿。损害在侵权法上具有重要的意义,它即是侵权行为的成立要件,也是确定赔偿责任范围的依据。但是对损害的概念下一个精确的定义是困难的。从立法上来看,除奥地利民法典对损害作了一个宽泛的定义外,几乎再没有哪个国家的法典对损害的概念做出一个定义。损害是与权利和利益相对应的一个概念,是因他人的加害行为或可归责于某人的事件使民事主体遭受到的不利益。损害的含义应当从两个方面来把握,第一是作为事实存在的损害,第二是在法律上可予赔偿的损害。前者是认定侵权行为和损害赔偿责任的前提,而后者是确定损害赔偿范围的依据。
Roman proverb: no damage without compensation. Damage is of great significance in the tort law. It is the essential condition of infringement and also the basis for determining the scope of liability. But the next precise definition of the concept of damage is difficult. From a legislative point of view, almost no national code defines the concept of harm except for a broad definition of harm done by the Austrian Civil Code. Damage is a concept that corresponds to rights and interests. It is the non-benefit suffered by the civil subject due to the injustice of another person or the incident attributable to someone. The meaning of damage should be grasped from two aspects. The first is the damage as a fact, and the second is the legally compensable damage. The former is the prerequisite for the identification of tort and liability for damages, while the latter is the basis for determining the scope of damages.