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目的了解宝鸡市渭滨区各企业电焊作业人员的健康状况,掌握电焊作业人员的疾病种类、分布及主要特点,为职业防护和健康保健策略的制定提供科学依据。方法按照《GBZ 188-2007职业健康技术规范》中粉尘和锰规定的方法检查及按照国家重点职业病监测技术方案的调查方法进行调查。结果健康检查电焊(锰)作业人员3 325人,共查出各类体检项目结果异常人数2 369人,异常率为71.25%;2010、2011和2012年3年异常率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=39.776,P<0.01);检出锰中毒观察对象2名,检出率为0.06%;检出手颤阳性20人,检出率为0.6%。锰中毒观察对象和手颤阳性主要分布在工龄20 a以上的人群中,且手颤阳性不同工龄分组连续校正χ2=16.022,P<0.01,差异有统计学意义。检出尘肺病观察对象26名,检出率为0.78%。从工龄分组看,尘肺病观察对象主要分布在工龄20年以上的人群中,且不同工龄分组连续较正χ2=36.253,P<0.01,差异有统计学意义。结论电焊(锰)作业人员的整体健康状况不容乐观,应引起重视。在关注电焊尘对电焊作业人员的职业病危害时,也应重视锰对电焊作业人员的职业病危害,切实做好电焊(锰)作业人员生产环境的改善和保护工作,从而保障广大电焊(锰)作业人员的身体健康。
Objective To understand the health status of electricians in various industries in Weibin District of Baoji City and to know the types, distribution and main characteristics of electricians in disease treatment and to provide a scientific basis for the development of occupational protection and health care strategies. Methods According to the method stipulated in “GBZ 188-2007 Technical Code of Occupational Health” for dust and manganese and investigation according to the survey method of national key occupational disease monitoring technical solutions. Results A total of 3 325 welders (manganese) workers were inspected for health examination. A total of 2 369 abnormal results were found in various types of physical examination items, with an abnormality rate of 71.25%. The abnormal rates of 3 years in 2010, 2011 and 2012 were significantly different (χ2 = 39.776, P <0.01). Two patients with manganese poisoning were detected, the detection rate was 0.06%. Manganese poisoning observed objects and hand tremor positive mainly in the service life of more than 20 years of the population, and hand tremor positive different length of service group continuous correction χ2 = 16.022, P <0.01, the difference was statistically significant. Twenty-six pneumoconiosis patients were detected, with a detection rate of 0.78%. From the length of service group, the objects of pneumoconiosis were mainly distributed in the population of more than 20 years of service, and the different length of service group was continuous positive χ2 = 36.253, P <0.01, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion The overall health status of welding (manganese) workers is not optimistic and should be taken seriously. Concerned about the welding dust on the occupational hazards of electric welding workers, should also pay attention to occupational hazards of manganese welding workers, and earnestly do a good job of welding (manganese) production environment to improve and protect workers, so as to protect the majority of welding (manganese) operations Personnel’s health.