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目的了解作坊式宝石加工场所劳动者健康状况及宝石加工粉尘对劳动者健康影响的特点,为该行业劳动者职业病防治提供科学依据。方法对深圳市某宝石村作坊式宝石加工场所进行现场调查,组织宝石加工接尘组226名和对照组160名工人进行健康检查,并对检查结果进行分析。结果接尘组检查项目异常人数96人(总检出率42.47%),与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义;肺部异常检出33人,其中粉尘作业职业禁忌证13名,观察对象16例,疑似尘肺及Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期矽肺各1例,肺部异常与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义;不同工种尘肺样影像学改变差异有统计学意义,其中切石工(30.0%)最高;不同工龄和年龄段分组尘肺样影像学改变阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义;接尘者中吸烟组和不吸烟组尘肺样影像学改变检出率比较,差异无统计学意义。结论作坊式宝石加工作业场所中粉尘危害对劳动者健康影响状况不容乐观,应加强粉尘危害的预防和控制。
Objective To understand the health status of workers in the workshop of gemstone processing and the effect of gem processing dust on the health of workers, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases among laborers in this field. METHODS: A site survey was conducted in a gemstone workshop in a gem village in Shenzhen. Totally 226 gemstone processing dust control groups and 160 workers in the control group were inspected for health examination and the inspection results were analyzed. Results The number of anomalous patients in the dust collection group was 96 (the total detection rate was 42.47%), which was significantly different from that in the control group. The number of lung abnormalities was 33, of which 13 were contraindications to occupational exposure to dust and 16 Cases of suspected pneumoconiosis and 1 case of stage I, II, and III silicosis, lung abnormalities compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant; different types of pneumoconiosis imaging changes were statistically significant differences, including cut stone workers (30.0%), The difference was statistically significant. The detection rate of pneumoconiosis in smokers and non-smokers were not significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of pneumoconiosis. Conclusion The status of workers’ health caused by dust hazards in workshop-type gem processing sites is not optimistic. Prevention and control of dust hazards should be strengthened.