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目的了解8～16月龄儿童各类词汇理解的发育特点,探索婴幼儿中文词汇理解的早期发展规律。方法使用《汉语沟通发展量表》,采用父母报告方式,对沈阳城区620名8～16月龄儿童的词汇理解发展情况进行了研究。结果 8～16月龄是儿童词汇理解能力增长的高速期,8月龄婴儿平均理解词汇53个,其中名词23个,动词16个,形容词3个;16月龄儿童平均理解词汇310个,包括名词153个,动词69个,形容词31个。名词和动词总共稳定占有理解总量的70%以上,其中名词所占比例逐渐增高,动词比例逐渐下降,形容词与名词理解的发展趋势相关度最高。结论 8～16月龄段是儿童词汇理解的快速发展期,婴幼儿8月龄时理解的词汇数平均达50个,16月龄时达300个。各类词汇发展进程不同,能理解的名词和动词数量达到50个的时间分别是10月龄和13月龄,16月龄时形容词理解量达到30个。
Objective To understand the developmental characteristics of various vocabulary comprehension in children aged 8 ~ 16 months and to explore the early development of Chinese vocabulary understanding in infants and young children. Methods The “Communicative Development Scale for Chinese” was used to study the vocabulary comprehension and development of 620 children aged 8 ~ 16 months in Shenyang urban area by means of parents’ report. Results Eight to 16 months of age was a high-speed period in which children’s vocabulary comprehension was increased. Among eight-month-old infants, there were 53 words on average, of which 23 were nouns, 16 verbs and 3 adjectives. On average, 16 months understood 310 words, 153 nouns, 69 verbs, 31 adjectives. The total number of nouns and verbs occupied more than 70% of the total. Among them, the proportion of nouns gradually increased, the proportion of verbs decreased gradually, and the correlation between adjectives and nouns’ comprehension trends was the highest. Conclusion 8 to 16 months of age is a rapid development of children’s vocabulary comprehension, with an average of 50 words understood by infants at 8 months of age and 300 at 16 months of age. Different lexicon development process is different, the time to understand that the number of nouns and verbs reaches 50 are 10 months and 13 months respectively, and the understanding amount of adjective reaches 30 at 16 months of age.