运筹能力的发展及其价值(一)——运筹学的起源与发展

• 作 者: 张连超
• 出 处: 系统工程理论与实践
• 发表日期: 1982年02期
• 关键词: 运筹学 众寡 第一次世界大战 公元前三世纪 军事活动 大西洋两岸 数学家 库斯 火力 海滨

运筹学的起源,可追溯到远至公元前三世纪;那时,西那库斯城的大王希龙,要求希腊数学家阿基米德提出一个设防方案,用以粉碎罗马海军攻占这座海滨城堡的企图。到第一次世界大战时,早期的运筹学显然已在大西洋两岸萌发,欧美国家正在利用数学来分析军事活动。在英国,M·W·兰彻斯特在1914—1915年间发表了若干论述军事胜败同人数众寡、火力强弱之间关系的文章。

The origins of operations research date back as far as the third century BC; at that time, Simeon, king of Sinakushu, demanded that the Greek mathematician Archimedes should propose a fortification program to crush the Roman navy to seize the waterfront Castle attempt. By the time of World War I, apparently early operational research had sprouted across the Atlantic and European and American countries were using mathematics to analyze military activities. In the United Kingdom, MW Lanchester published a number of articles from 1914 to 1915 on the relationship between the number of military successes and failures and the strength of firepower.