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目的了解2005-2011年合肥市儿童血铅水平、分布特征及变化情况,为制定环境铅污染控制措施、保护儿童健康提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,在合肥市城区采集0～6岁儿童末梢血7 788例,采用原子吸收光谱法检测儿童血铅值,同时对儿童家长进行问卷调查。结果合肥市儿童血铅平均值为48.53μg/L,血铅水平≥100μg/L的占2.8%。血铅均值及高血铅率均呈逐年下降趋势。男童的血铅水平均值(51.03μg/L)高于女童(44.72μg/L),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多元回归分析显示,母亲职业、饭前是否洗手、喂养方式、经常食用膨化食品因素会影响儿童的血铅水平。结论合肥市儿童血铅水平呈下降趋势,但仍有一定的危害;控制环境铅污染、降低儿童血铅水平是一项长期任务。
Objective To understand the blood lead levels, distribution characteristics and changes of children in Hefei from 2005 to 2011, and to provide scientific basis for the development of environmental lead pollution control measures and the protection of children’s health. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling method was used to collect 7 788 peripheral blood of 0-6 year old children in Hefei city area. The blood lead level was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. At the same time, the questionnaire survey was conducted on children ’s parents. Results Hefei children with average blood lead of 48.53μg / L, blood lead levels ≥ 100μg / L accounted for 2.8%. Blood lead and high blood lead rates showed a downward trend year by year. The mean level of blood lead in boys (51.03 μg / L) was higher than that in girls (44.72 μg / L), with significant difference (P <0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that maternal occupation, whether to wash hands before meals, feeding methods, regular consumption of puffed food factors will affect children’s blood lead levels. Conclusion Hepatic blood lead levels in children in Hefei City show a downward trend, but there is still some harm. Controlling lead pollution in the environment and reducing blood lead levels in children is a long-term task.