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通过高效的反应精确合成功能分子已成为现代化学发展的趋势之一。基于呋喃/马来酰亚胺(MI)之间的Diels-Alder(D-A)反应作为一种高效的和高选择性的点击反应,克服了铜催化的叠氮/炔之间的1,3-偶极环化加成(CuAAC)反应中引起的金属污染等缺点,为生物医药载体、功能性材料的制备提供更可行的途径。同时,呋喃/MI之间的D-A反应具备原料易得、反应条件温和及易发生retro D-A(rD-A)反应等优点,在制备响应性材料领域备受关注。本文综述了近年基于呋喃/MI的可逆D-A反应在响应性聚合物合成、智能材料、生物分子及表面修饰等方面的应用,并展望了D-A反应的发展前景。
The accurate synthesis of functional molecules by efficient reaction has become one of the trends in the development of modern chemistry. Based on the Diels-Alder (DA) reaction between furan / maleimide (MI) as an efficient and highly selective click reaction, the copper-catalysed azide / The disadvantage of metal contamination caused by CuAAC reaction provides a more feasible approach for the preparation of biomedical carriers and functional materials. At the same time, the D-A reaction between furan / MI has the advantages of easy availability of raw materials, mild reaction conditions and easy reaction of retro D-A (rD-A), which has received much attention in the field of preparation of responsive materials. This review summarizes the applications of reversible D-A reactions based on furan / MI in recent years in the fields of responsive polymer synthesis, smart materials, biomolecules and surface modification. The development prospect of D-A reaction is also reviewed.