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目的：为提高肾移植术后移植肾假性动脉瘤的诊治水平。方法：回顾性调查771例肾移植患者术后发生肾动脉吻合口假性动脉瘤2例，并复习有关文献对其形成的原因、诊断与治疗予以讨论。结果：2例均发生于供肾动脉与受体骼外动脉吻合术后1～2个月，经彩色多普勒B超检查或动脉造影确诊。其中1例于移植肾骼总动脉造影后24h内突发假性动脉瘤破裂，通过床旁紧急手术止血抢救成功。另1例通过手术挽救了移植肾。结论：移植肾假性动脉瘤形成是多因素综合作用的结果。抗排斥反应、抗感染及提高手术技巧是预防移植肾假性动脉瘤的关键，一经确诊立即行手术治疗，就地手术止血是成功抢救假性动脉瘤破裂的关键。
Objective: To improve the diagnosis and treatment of transplanted renal pseudoaneurysm after renal transplantation. Methods: A retrospective study of 771 renal transplant recipients of renal artery anastomotic pseudoaneurysm occurred in 2 cases, and review the literature on its causes, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Results: Two cases occurred in renal arteries and recipients of external iliac artery anastomosis after 1 to 2 months, confirmed by color Doppler ultrasound or arteriography. Among them, 1 case had pseudoaneurysm rupture within 24h after transplantation of renal artery angiography and was successfully stopped by bedside emergency operation. Another case of surgery to save the transplant kidneys. Conclusions: The formation of pseudoaneurysm in renal transplant recipients is the result of multifactorial combination. Anti-rejection, anti-infection and improve surgical skills is the key to prevent transplanted kidney pseudoaneurysm, once diagnosed immediately underwent surgical treatment, local surgery to stop bleeding is the key to the successful rescue of pseudoaneurysm rupture.