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目的了解哈尔滨市高中入学新生活动性肺结核病的流行状况,以便采取相应的预防和控制措施。方法对2012年的50 299名高中新生进行结核病专项体检,对体检过程中发现的活动性肺结核病例进行流行病学描述性分析。结果 2012年哈尔滨市高中新生入学结核病预防性体检学生50 299人,确定活动性肺结核40例,患病率为79.52/10万。其中市级高中患病率为172.67/10万,区级高中患病率为83.34/10万,县级高中患病率为32.98/10万,各类别高中患病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.86,P<0.01)。女生患病率为112.22/10万,男生患病率为44.98/10万,男女患病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.15,P<0.05)。结论哈尔滨市高中学生活动性肺结核患病情况较严重,应采取有效的控制措施控制学校结核病暴发流行,并把高中新生入学体检列为学校结核病防治的重点措施之一。
Objective To understand the prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis among freshmen admitted to high school in Harbin in order to take appropriate preventive and control measures. Methods A total of 50,299 high school freshmen were enrolled in 2012, and the epidemiological descriptive analysis of active pulmonary tuberculosis found during physical examination was conducted. Results In 2012, a total of 50 299 students were enrolled in the preventive check-up for tuberculosis in high school in Harbin. 40 active pulmonary tuberculosis cases were confirmed, with a prevalence of 79.52 / 100,000. Among them, the prevalence of municipal high school was 172.67 / 100000, the prevalence of district high school was 83.34 / 100000, the prevalence of county high school was 32.98 / 100000, the prevalence of high school in each category was statistically significant (χ2 = 13.86, P <0.01). The prevalence of girls was 112.22 / 100000, the prevalence of boys was 44.98 / 100000, the difference between male and female was statistically significant (χ2 = 7.15, P <0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of active tuberculosis among high school students in Harbin is more serious. Effective control measures should be taken to control the outbreak of tuberculosis in schools, and the entrance examination of high school students is listed as one of the key measures to prevent and control tuberculosis in schools.