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采用红外光谱法探讨了有机肥以及有机肥与化学肥料配合施用26年对棕壤腐殖质及其组分富里酸和胡敏酸的结构变化。结果表明,采用红外光谱仪测定肥料施用对腐殖质及腐殖质组分富里酸和胡敏酸结构的影响是可行的。施肥26年后,不同处理肥料施用后腐殖质具有基本一致的结构;在某些特征峰吸收强度上有不同程度的差异,反映了不同肥料处理对土壤腐殖质的结构单元和官能团数量及组成有明显的影响。不同施肥处理胡敏酸也存在一些差别。红外光谱解析表明,与CK相比,施用有机肥或氮磷钾配合施用后,土壤腐殖质中小分子糖类物质减少,芳族类物质增加。试验结果证实,施用有机肥可明显增加土壤水溶性有机物芳构化程度。利用不同肥料处理腐殖质的红外光谱,可以判断土壤有机质的演变程度。
Infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the structural changes of humic substance and its fractions fulvic acid and humic acid in brown soil after organic and inorganic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers for 26 years. The results show that it is feasible to determine the effect of fertilizer application on the structure of fulvic acid and humic acid in humus and humus components by infrared spectroscopy. After 26 years of fertilization, the humus has the same structure after being applied with different fertilizers. There are some differences in the absorption intensity of some characteristic peaks, which shows that different fertilizer treatments have obvious effects on the amount and composition of soil humus structural units and functional groups influences. There are also some differences between different fertilization treatments of humic acid. Infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that compared with CK, the application of organic manure or NPK combined application, the soil humus small molecules of sugars decreased, aromatic substances increased. The test results confirmed that the application of organic fertilizer can significantly increase the degree of aromatization of soil-water-soluble organic matter. The use of different fertilizers to deal with the infrared spectra of humus, soil organic matter can determine the degree of evolution.