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通借字亦称通假字,是通用字和假借字(本有正字的借用)的总称。所谓通借,就是意义不尽相同或截然不同的甲乙两字,由于音同、音近,在使用时常借甲字代替乙字。在中医历史文献——医古文中,隋唐以前的著作,特别是先秦、两汉部分(其中包括散见于诸子以及经传史籍中的有关内容),对通借字的运用比较普遍,唐以后随着文字在数量上的增加和逐渐规范化,通借现象渐已减少,但好古而用通借字者,亦不乏其人。大家知道,阅读和研究医古文的一个主要障碍就是字(词)义。一个字的本义虽很简单,但通借义却是变化无穷的,因而认识通借字和掌握通借字的使用规律,就成了我们,特别是初学医古文的同志们亟待解决的问题。
Tong borrowed words also known as common words, is a general term and borrowed words (the original orthographic borrowing) in general. The so-called by borrowing, meaning is not the same or completely different A and B words, due to the same tone, sound near, often use a word instead of B word. In the medical history of ancient Chinese medicine - ancient medical writings, the works before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, especially the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties (including the contents scattered in the sages and the historical records) The number of literary characters has gradually increased and gradually standardized. The phenomenon of gradual adoption has diminished. However, there is no shortage of people who use the word borrowed from ancient times. As we all know, one of the major obstacles to reading and studying ancient medical etiquette is word (word) meaning. Although the original meaning of a word is very simple, its meaning is endlessly changed. Therefore, understanding the law of using words and borrowing words has become an urgent problem to be solved by our comrades, especially the ancient Chinese medicine.