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目的:探讨临床上舌下含服免疫治疗脱落原因、规范治疗及相应对策。方法:230例尘螨过敏为主的变应性鼻炎患者,均行舌下含服免疫治疗,按入组先后时间分为一般治疗组(104例)和干预治疗组(126例),前者按一般诊疗常规进行,后者采用系列措施加强患者管理及医患沟通,随访2组脱落及治疗规范情况,并分析其原因。结果:一般治疗组1年内脱落率为45.19%,干预治疗组为18.25%,治疗2个月内的脱落率最高。脱落原因中前3位为疗效不佳、时间(地域)原因及不良反应。一般治疗组中不规范治疗即漏滴者多于干预治疗组,漏滴原因中前3位为遗忘、感冒咳嗽停用、药物用完后中断。结论:舌下含服免疫治疗1年内脱落率高,经干预及加强患者管理后可显著降低脱落率,增强治疗的规范性和依从性。
Objective: To investigate the causes of clinical sublingual oral immunotherapy shedding, standardized treatment and corresponding countermeasures. Methods: 230 allergic rhinitis patients with dust mite allergy were treated with sublingual immunotherapy. The patients were divided into general treatment group (n = 104) and intervention treatment group (n = 126) The general diagnosis and treatment routine, the latter a series of measures to strengthen patient management and patient communication, follow-up two groups off and treatment of norms, and analyze the causes. Results: In the general treatment group, the rate of exfoliation was 45.19% in one year and 18.25% in the intervention group, with the highest rate of exfoliation within 2 months. The first three reasons for shedding poor efficacy, time (geographical) causes and adverse reactions. General treatment group that non-standard treatment that leak more than intervention group, the first three reasons for leakage is forgotten, cold cough disabled, discontinued after drug use. Conclusion: The rate of exfoliation in sublingual immunotherapy is high within one year. Intervention and patient management can significantly reduce the rate of exfoliation and enhance the standardization and compliance of treatment.