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气候因素、自然地理因素、人类活动因素,是影响洪水的3大要素。形成洪水的最基本因素是气候因素。森林植被对阻止地表水、增加下渗、调节径流、削减洪峰有一定的作用;对减少水库和河道淤积、延长工程寿命、增加防洪能力都是有利的。但森林被植不能代替水利。在当前的科学条件下,应该依靠搞好水利工程来有效地控制洪水,人们虽然无法制止暴雨,但依靠和发展水文气象科学研究,却是抗洪减灾的有效途径。
Climatic factors, natural geographical factors, human activities, is the impact of floods three major elements. The most basic factor in flood formation is the climate factor. Forest vegetation plays a certain role in preventing surface water, increasing infiltration, regulating runoff and reducing flood peak; it is beneficial to reduce reservoir and river siltation, extend project life and increase flood control capacity. However, vegetation can not be replaced by water. Under the current scientific conditions, flood control should be effectively controlled by improving water conservancy projects. Although people can not stop the torrential rains, relying on and developing hydrological and meteorological researches is an effective approach to flood control and disaster reduction.