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离子液体具有独特的理化性能,作为一种环境友好、“可设计性”的溶剂,近年来成为化学领域的热点和前沿。离子液体作为自由基聚合反应的溶剂,对聚合速率、聚合产物结构及性能都有一定的影响。离子液体已经被较为广泛地应用于不同介质、不同物相中的自由基聚合反应,但是并不完全。近两年来已有研究工作者将离子液体应用于微乳液和气相中的自由基聚合反应,并和其他有机溶剂及水溶液共同调控自由基聚合反应。离子液体也首次应用于有机碲调控的自由基聚合反应和氮氧稳定的自由基聚合反应。同时离子液体也可以调控自由基聚合反应后聚合物的结构和形貌,是一种很好的进行聚合物自组装的溶剂。本文主要综述了近年来离子液体对自由基聚合反应的影响,特别是对聚合产物结构及性能的影响,最后展望了离子液体在聚合反应中的应用前景。
Ionic liquids have unique physical and chemical properties. As an environmentally friendly, “design-able” solvent, ionic liquids have become hot and frontier in the field of chemistry in recent years. Ionic liquids as free radical polymerization solvent, the polymerization rate, polymerization product structure and performance have a certain impact. Ionic liquids have been used more broadly for free radical polymerization in different media and different phases, but not completely. In the past two years, some researchers have applied ionic liquids to free radical polymerization in microemulsion and gas phase, and combined with other organic solvents and aqueous solutions to regulate free radical polymerization. Ionic liquids are also used for the first time in organic tellurium-controlled free-radical polymerization and nitrogen-oxygen stable radical polymerization. At the same time ionic liquid can also regulate the structure and morphology of the polymer after the free radical polymerization, which is a good solvent for the self-assembly of the polymer. In this paper, the effects of ionic liquids on free-radical polymerization in recent years, especially on the structure and properties of polymer products, are reviewed. Finally, the application prospect of ionic liquids in polymerization reactions is forecasted.