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一、“分子热运动的剧烈程度”和“温度”关系的两种观点在高中物理“分子动理论”的教学过程中,笔者发现高中《物理》第二册(必修)教材中一些表述很容易产生歧义.教材第28面中写到:分子无规则运动的剧烈程度随温度的升高而升高,温度升高,物体分子的热运动加剧,分子热运动的平均动能增加.这样的表述容易让学生以为:分子热运动的剧烈程度是由温度决定的或分子的平均动能是由温度决定的,甚至有些教参这样写:分子的平均动能只由温度决定,温度升高,分子的平均动能才增加.于是,关于“分子热运动的剧烈程度”和“温度”之间的关系就有两种观点:一是温度决定分子热运动的剧烈程度,二是分子热运动的剧烈程度决定温度.到底是谁决定谁呢?这两种观点孰是孰非?下面就详细深入地加以分析.二、从宏观上看“温度”的定义
One, “two degrees of view of the relationship between the intensity of molecular heat movement ” and “temperature” in the teaching process of high school physics“molecular dynamic theory ”, the author found that the “physics” of high school, the second volume (required) Some expressions in the textbook are prone to ambiguity. The 28th surface of the textbook states that the violent degree of the molecular irregular movement increases with the increase of temperature, the temperature increases, the thermal motion of the object’s molecules intensifies, and the average kinetic energy of the molecular heat movement Increase. Such expressions make it easy for students to assume that the intensity of molecular heat movement is determined by the temperature or the average kinetic energy of the molecule is determined by temperature, and even some teaching parameters write: The average kinetic energy of a molecule is determined only by temperature, and the temperature rises. High, the average kinetic energy of the molecule increases. Therefore, there are two opinions on the relationship between the “degree of intense molecular motion” and the “temperature”. First, the temperature determines the intensity of molecular heat movement, and It is the intensity of the molecular heat movement that determines the temperature. In the end who decides who? What are the two kinds of opinions? The following is a detailed analysis. Second, from the macroscopic point of view, the definition of “temperature”