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三峡回水变动区重庆城区河段的港口与航道变化是自三峡建库论证以来就被广泛关注的重大问题之一。此文根据大比尺物理模型试验,分析了三峡水库不同蓄水期重庆河段的演化趋势和泥沙淤积对重庆港口与航道的影响。结果表明,三峡水库按156 m方案运行期,河段不受坝前水位影响,基本处于天然状况。随着水库175 m方案运行期的增长,河段产生累积性淤积,逐渐向着单一、规顺、微弯和高滩深槽方向发展。此文给出了不同时段的泥沙淤积量、淤积分布、泥沙淤积的滩槽分配和淤积泥沙的粒径分布。研究表明,泥沙淤积使得航道和港口需要整治才能保持正常运行。最后,把试验结果与实测数据进行了对比,二者基本吻合。结果对重庆航道治理可提供科学依据。
Changes in the Three Gorges Backwater Areas The changes of the ports and waterways in the urban area of Chongqing are one of the major issues that have drawn a great deal of attention since the demonstration of the Three Gorges Reservoir Construction. According to the large-scale physical model test, this paper analyzes the evolution trend and the impact of sediment deposition on the Chongqing port and watercourse of the Three Gorges Reservoir in different periods. The results show that the Three Gorges Reservoir operates at a period of 156 m. The river section is not affected by the water level in front of the dam, and is basically in a natural state. With the increase of reservoirs during the 175-m period of operation, accumulations of sedimentation accumulate in the river sections and gradually develop towards a single, regular, slightly curved and high-trough deep groove. In this paper, sediment deposition, siltation distribution, distribution of sediment in the trough and silt distribution of sediment are given in different periods. Research shows that sediment deposition makes the waterways and ports need remediation in order to maintain normal operation. Finally, the experimental results and the measured data were compared, the two basically agree. The results provide a scientific basis for Chongqing Waterway Management.