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一、“受事”的界说 1.1 受事同施事一样,属于语义关系范畴中的概念。它一方面是对动词而言的,表示动作行为所涉及的事物,离开动词就无所谓受事,另一方面,受事又与施事相对立,实际上两者是在同一个语义范畴中被提出来的一对相对立的既念,两者相互依存(这里的“相互依存”指的是两个概念赖以存在的前提是相同的,不是指在句子中必须同时出现)。 1.2 受事首先应该是名词性的,在这个大前提下,受事应该具有这样的特征:承受了某个动作或事件的后果,它本身也发生了变化;在某种动作行为导致的事件中它被动地、非自主地存在着。我们可以这佯说,与动词相联系的名词性成分,如果具备了上述特征就是该动词的受事,否则就不是受事。
First, the “affair” definition 1.1 affair with the same things, belong to the concept of semantic relations. On the one hand, it is for the verb, on the other hand, it means that what is involved in the act of action is indifferent to the act of leaving the verb. On the other hand, the act of affairs is opposite to the act, in fact, both are in the same semantic category (The term “interdependence” refers to the premise that the two concepts depend on existence are the same, not referring to the fact that they must both occur in a sentence). 1.2 Behaviors should first be nominal, under this premise, the affair should have such a characteristic: to bear the consequences of an action or event, which itself has changed; in the event of some action It exists passively and involuntarily. We can pretend that the noun component associated with a verb is the subject of the verb if it has the above characteristics, otherwise it is not a matter of action.