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个人主义在近代西方历史上扮演的角色,无论如何估计都不会过分。德国社会学家乌尔里希·贝克曾一言以蔽之:“现代性”最重要的内涵是个人主义带来的政治自由。英国人类学家艾伦·麦克法兰也说,以个人主义为代表的“公民社会”是现代性的基础。个人主义如何起源?自然也吸引了众多学者的目光:最常见的做法是将它当作一套政治理论和行动原则,进行思想史的追索;也有的学者如麦克法兰,则从法律体系和社会关系角度入手,将个人主义看作十三世纪以后英格兰私有财产权制度的产物(《英国个人主义的起源》)。
The role of individualism in modern Western history can not be overestimated in any case. Ulrich Baker, a German sociologist, put it briefly: “The most important connotation of” modernity “is the political freedom brought by individualism. British anthropologist Alan McFarland also said that ”civil society“ represented by individualism is the foundation of modernity. How the origin of individualism? Naturally also attracted the attention of many scholars: the most common approach is to treat it as a set of political theories and principles of action, to pursue the history of ideas; some scholars such as Macfarlane, from the legal system And social relations perspective, the individualism as a product of the private property rights system in England after the 13th century (”the origin of British individualism").