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发生于资本主义发展与半殖民地沦落过程中的洋务运动,开启了中国近代工业化进程。作为中西文化撞击与合流的产物,它既是清朝统冶集团在“数千年未有之变局”下力求自保的结果,又是处于逐渐形成过程中的新兴资产阶级争取自立的产物;既是资本主义世界性发展过程中的一个特殊结局,又是民族主义崛起与保卫国家主权的一个成果。这一特殊而复杂的历史合力过程,使洋务运动蕴涵着多层面的历史内容,亦提供了对其阐释的多维角度和视野。本文谨就此研究中的几个基本问题作一反思。
The Westernization Movement, which took place during the process of capitalist development and semi-colonialization, opened the process of industrialization in modern China. As a product of the collision and merging of Chinese and Western cultures, it is not only the result of the self-protection of the Qing Dynasty’s ruling regime under the “Thousands of Years of Changes”, but also the product of the emerging bourgeoisie’s struggle for independence in the process of its gradual formation. It is both capital A special outcome in the worldwide development ofism is also an outcome of the rise of nationalism and the defense of state sovereignty. This special and complicated process of historical co-integration made the Westernization Movement contain multi-layered historical contents and provided multidimensional perspectives and perspectives for its interpretation. This article would like to reflect on a few basic issues in this research.