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Protein kinase C epsilon (PKC ε) is one of major isoforms in novel PKC family. Although it has been extensively characterized in the past decade, the role of PKC ε in neuron is still not well understood. Advances in molecular biology have now removed significant barriers to the direct investigation of PKC ε functions in vivo, and PKC ε has been increasingly implicated in the neural biological functions and associated neurogenic diseases. Recent studies have provided important insights into the influence of PKC ε on cortical processing at both the single cell level and network level. These studies provide compelling evidence that PKC ε could regulate distinct aspects of neural signal transduction and suggest that the coordinated actions of a number of molecular signals contribute to the specification and differentiation of PKC ε signal pathway in the developing brain.