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随着先进的化学、物理分析方法的采用,已可以确定有20～25种元素,当其以10万分之一到亿万分之一存在于灰铸铁中时会影响材料的性能。这些元素中最重要的是氮。它一方面对灰铸铁的机械性能有决定性的影响;另一方面又会使铸件出现缺陷。氮对灰铸铁的影响与破相似,二者都属于扩大区的元素。氮稳定碳化物并阻止石墨化对片状石墨的形态也有影响。当氮含量较高时,石墨片的顶端变得较秃较圆。氮主要是通过炉料中的钢料进入金属液。碱性转炉冶炼的钢轨钢含氮量为12O～250ppm而工频炉熔炼的深冲压钢板仅含18ppm氮,曾发现冲天炉以钢轨为基本炉料的铁水,其所
With the advent of advanced chemical and physical analytical methods, it has been possible to identify from 20 to 25 elements that, when present in gray cast iron from one part to 100 parts per million, can affect the properties of the material. The most important of these elements is nitrogen. On the one hand, it has a decisive influence on the mechanical properties of gray cast iron; on the other hand, it causes defects in the castings. The effect of nitrogen on gray cast iron is similar to that of broken cast iron, both of which are elements of an enlarged area. Nitrogen stabilizes carbides and prevents graphitization from affecting the morphology of flake graphite. When the nitrogen content is higher, the top of the graphite sheet becomes more bald than bald. Nitrogen mainly enters the molten metal through the steel material in the charge. Alkaline converter smelting rail steel containing nitrogen content of 12O ~ 250ppm and frequency furnace smelting deep drawing steel containing only 18ppm nitrogen, had found the cupola to rail as the basic charge of hot metal, which