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重症肺炎是全球5岁以下儿童(特别是2岁以下)住院和死亡的主要原因~([1-6])。2010年研究发现,760万的5岁以下儿童死亡因素中,肺炎占14.1%~([7])。发展中国家儿童重症肺炎占据全球儿童重症肺炎的70%,在欠发达国家中,每7秒钟就有一个5岁以下儿童因下呼吸道感染死亡~([1,5])。广义的重症肺炎包括感染性和非感染性、社区获得性和医院获得性,但以感染性和社区获得性占绝大多数,故本文同广大文献一致,以讨论感染性社区获得性重症肺炎为主。世界卫生组织
Severe pneumonia is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in children under 5 years of age (especially under 2 years) ~ ([1-6]). According to a 2010 study, pneumonia accounted for 14.1% of the 7.6 million deaths among children under five years of age (7). Severe pneumonia in children in developing countries accounts for 70% of children with severe pneumonia worldwide, and in underdeveloped countries one child under the age of 5 dies of lower respiratory tract infection every 7 seconds ~ (1,5). The broad definition of severe pneumonia includes infectious and non-infectious, community-acquired and hospital-acquired but predominantly infectious and community-acquired, so this article is consistent with extensive literature to discuss infectious community-acquired severe pneumonia as the Lord. World Health Organization