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临近空间高超声速流动往往存在真实气体效应、稀薄气体效应和粘性干扰效应等多种复杂的物理、化学和流动现象。围绕高超声速绕流中多物理效应这一主题,对美国航天飞机高超声速气动力研究的工作按飞行前与飞行后两个阶段进行了回顾。在飞行前阶段,主要介绍了气动力外推参数的研究和不确定度研究的内容,确定了以第三粘性系数珔V’∞作为气动力特性外推参数,以及给出了气动力不确定的计算方法;而在飞行后阶段,主要介绍了飞行试验数据与预测数据的对比、纵向配平异常分析和外推方法,给出了初步的由风洞数据外推到飞行数据的外推方法,确认了真实气体效应对航天飞机气动特性影响,但是否对舵面效率产生影响没有达成一致的结论。而后,作者讨论了避免纵向配平异常的可能性、体襟翼效率数值计算与试验的差异、气动力不确定度研究和建立飞行试验/风洞试验/数值计算数据共享机制四个方面的问题。另外,早期的研究文献提到了航天飞机在再入过程中这些效应是同时存在的,在当时的研究条件下难以区分各自对气动力特性的影响,后来的研究文献也没有着力于研究其耦合影响效应对航天飞机气动力特性的影响,这为下一步研究再入飞行器高超声速绕流流动的多物理效应提供了指引。
Near-space hypersonic flows often have a variety of complex physical, chemical and fluid phenomena, such as real gas effects, lean gas effects and viscous disturbance effects. Around the theme of multiphysics in hypersonic flow around, the work on the hypersonic aerodynamics of the U.S. spacecraft has been reviewed both pre-flight and post-flight phases. In the pre-flight stage, the contents of the research on the aerodynamic extrapolation parameters and the uncertainty studies are mainly introduced. The third viscous coefficient 珔 V’∞ is determined as the extrapolation parameter of the aerodynamic characteristics and the aerodynamic uncertainty is given In the latter part of the flight, the comparison of flight test data with the forecast data, the anomaly analysis and extrapolation of the longitudinal trim are mainly introduced, the preliminary extrapolation method of extrapolating the wind tunnel data to the flight data is given, Confirmed the effect of the real gas on the aerodynamic characteristics of the space shuttle, but did not reach a consensus conclusion whether the impact on the efficiency of the rudder. After that, the author discusses the four aspects of avoiding the possibility of longitudinal trim anomaly, the difference between numerical calculation and test of body flap efficiency, the study of aerodynamic uncertainty and the establishment of flight test / wind tunnel test / numerical data sharing mechanism. In addition, earlier studies mention that these effects of space shuttle re-entry exist simultaneously. Under the conditions of the current study, it is difficult to distinguish their respective influences on the aerodynamic characteristics. Later studies have not focused on the coupling effects Effect on the aerodynamic characteristics of a space shuttle, which provides guidance for further research on the multiphysics of the reentry vehicle hypersonic flow around.