论文部分内容阅读
目的:加强对因职业性接触二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)引起急性中毒进行监测,总结和评估中毒病例的临床特征、诊断要点、治疗原则及应对措施。方法:对1999年-2007年报道的因职业性接触DMF引起急性中毒828例进行职业流行病学回顾性调查,并按临床特征、医学检查及诊断、治疗情况等进行归类统计分析。结果:828例病例主要发生于仿皮制衣厂和以DMF为原料的工厂。中毒情况分类比例为轻度(87.32%),中度(11.84%),重度(0.84%)。828例病例中3例(0.36%)重度中毒病例死亡,825例(99.64%)经脱离接触,全面清理皮肤,护肝等对症和支持治疗后基本痊愈,预后良好,大部分可继续从事原岗位工作。结论:职业性接触DMF引起急性中毒和接触者的个体防护、工作环境等因素有关,用人单位要对从业人员进行岗前培训、就业前体检和定期体检,从业人员要做好自身防护。
OBJECTIVE: To strengthen the monitoring of acute poisoning caused by occupational exposure to dimethylformamide (DMF), summarize and assess the clinical features, diagnosis points, treatment principles and countermeasures of poisoning cases. Methods: A retrospective survey of 828 cases of acute poisoning caused by occupational exposure to DMF, reported from 1999 to 2007, was carried out according to clinical characteristics, medical examination, diagnosis and treatment. Results: 828 cases occurred mainly in imitation leather garment factories and DMF-based factories. The classification of poisoning was mild (87.32%), moderate (11.84%) and severe (0.84%). Among 828 cases, 3 cases (0.36%) died of severe poisoning, 825 cases (99.64%) were completely out of touch with each other, and they completely recovered the symptoms of the skin and liver after symptomatic treatment and supportive treatment. The prognosis was good and most of them could continue their original post jobs. CONCLUSION: Occupational exposure to DMF causes acute poisoning and personal protection and working environment of the contact persons. The employer should carry out pre-employment training for the employees, physical examination before the employment and regular physical examination, and practitioners should do their own protection.