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放射治疗是头颈部恶性肿瘤尤其是中国南方最常见肿瘤鼻咽癌的常用治疗手段。近年来,由于放疗技术提高,鼻咽癌患者生存期延长,放疗后并发症尤其放射性脑病日益受到关注。放射性脑病对患者生存质量的影响已远远超过肿瘤本身。本文对近年来国内外文献进行分析,概述了放射性脑病的发病机制,重点讨论了其临床表现和影像学特点,并详细介绍现有以及潜在的治疗措施。
Radiation therapy is a common treatment for head and neck malignant tumors, especially the most common tumors in southern China. In recent years, due to the improvement of radiotherapy, prolonged survival of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, radiation-induced complications, especially radiation-induced encephalopathy increasingly attention. The impact of radiation encephalopathy on the quality of life of patients has far exceeded the tumor itself. This article analyzes the literature at home and abroad in recent years, summarizes the pathogenesis of radiation encephalopathy, focuses on its clinical manifestations and imaging features, and details of existing and potential treatment measures.