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目的:观察青春期至成年早期小鼠经饮水暴露铅和镉对肝脏和肾脏功能的影响。方法:健康4周龄雄性ICR小鼠60只,随机分为对照组、铅组、镉组、铅+镉组,各15只。4组小鼠分别经口饮用纯净水、醋酸铅水溶液、氯化镉水溶液和醋酸铅+氯化镉混合水溶液,暴露40 d后摘眼球取血,处死小鼠后取肝脏和肾脏,称脏器质量,计算脏器系数,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)与碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活力以及血清肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮(BUN)含量,用HE染色观察肝脏和肾脏组织形态学改变。结果:对照组、镉组和铅+镉组小鼠的每日饮水量均少于铅组(P<0.05~P<0.01),铅组和镉组小鼠每日进食量均少于对照组和铅+镉组(P<0.05~P<0.01),而4组小鼠4~10周龄体质量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。连续暴露40 d后,均未引起铅、镉组和铅+镉组小鼠体质量、肝脏质量、肝脏系数、血清ALT和ALP活力以及肝脏组织形态学改变。镉+铅组小鼠肾脏质量低于单纯镉组(P<0.05),但铅组、镉组和铅+镉组小鼠肾脏质量、肾脏组织形态学、血清Cr和BUN含量与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:青春期和成年早期经饮水暴露一定剂量铅与镉均未引起雄性小鼠肝脏和肾脏功能损害。
Objective: To observe the effects of lead and cadmium exposed by drinking water on the function of liver and kidney in adolescence to adulthood. Methods Sixty healthy 4-week-old male ICR mice were randomly divided into control group, lead group, cadmium group, lead + cadmium group, and 15 each. Four groups of mice were orally drank pure water, lead acetate aqueous solution, cadmium chloride aqueous solution and lead acetate + cadmium chloride mixed aqueous solution. After 40 days of exposure, the eyeballs were taken for blood. After the mice were killed, the liver and kidney were taken, The indexes of organ and ALT, serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. The morphological changes of liver and kidney were observed by HE staining . Results: The daily drinking water volume of the control group, the cadmium group and the lead + cadmium group mice was less than that of the lead group (P <0.05 ~ P <0.01). The daily intake of the mice in the lead group and the cadmium group was less than that of the control group (P <0.05 ~ P <0.01). There was no significant difference in body weight between 4 and 10 weeks of the 4 groups (P> 0.05). After 40 days of continuous exposure, the body weight, liver mass, hepatic coefficient, serum ALT and ALP activity and liver histomorphology in the lead, cadmium and lead + cadmium groups were not induced. The kidney mass of cadmium + lead group was lower than that of pure cadmium group (P <0.05), but the kidney weight, kidney histomorphology, serum Cr and BUN levels in lead group, cadmium group and lead + cadmium group were significantly lower than those in control group No statistical significance (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Both adolescent and adulthood exposures to certain doses of lead and cadmium did not cause functional impairment in the liver and kidney of male mice.